isSituationProperPartOf
range: Situation
sub property of: isProperPartOf
comment: Identifies a gufo:Situation of which the situation is a part. Examples include: the situation in which John has influenza is part of the situation in which John has influenza and he is tired; the situation in which John is friends with Mary is part of the situation in which he is friends with Mary and Alice; the situation in which John is married to Alice is part of the situation in which John is married to Alice, while she works at the Free University of Bozen-Bolzano.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Situation

hasBeginPointInXSDDateTimeStamp
domain: ConcreteIndividual
comment: Determines the begin point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual, using a xsd:dateTimeStamp literal. In the case of endurants, gufo:hasBeginPointInXSDDateTimeStamp determines the time point when the endurant comes into existence. In the case of events, this data property determines the time point when the event starts to take place. In the case of situation, it determines the time point when the situation begins to hold. Use gufo:hasBeginPoint instead when temporal entities are reified.
type: DatatypeProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: dateTimeStamp

isSubQuantityOf
domain: Quantity
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: isObjectProperPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
range: Quantity
comment: Identifies a gufo:Quantity of which the quantity is a part. For example, the quantity of water in a wine glass is a sub-quantity of the wine in that glass. gufo:isSubQuantityOf is transitive (Guizzardi, 2005, p. 184). Sub-quantities are always essential parts of their wholes. Thus, gufo:standsInQualifiedParthood is not applicable for sub-quantities.

was generated by
definition: Relates an entity to the activity that produced it.
range: Activity
domain: Entity
type: ObjectProperty

Telephone Number
definition: A contact point reachable by telephone.
subclass of: Contact Point
type: Class

Person
definition: An individual human being, living or deceased.
subclass of: Agent
type: Class

family name
range: Literal
definition: A person's family (last) name.
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person

has skill
range: Skill
domain: Agent
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates an agent to a skill it possesses.

concernsTemporaryWhole
comment: Identifies the whole (a gufo:Endurant) of which the endurant that stands in the gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation is part.
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: TemporaryParthoodSituation
range: Endurant
type: ObjectProperty

historicallyDependsOn
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: ConcreteIndividual
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Identifies a gufo:ConcreteIndividual on which the concrete individual depends historically. For example, a person is historically dependent on his/her ancestors. When used between events, historical dependence encompasses causation (when the event is caused by the other), but also other cases where there is dependence but not causation (when the event brings about a situation that is either insufficient or more than sufficient to trigger the historically dependent event). For example, Real Madrid's goal in the 60th minute of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final is historically dependent on (and in this case caused by) a penalty kick by Cristiano Ronaldo. The penalty kick itself is historically dependent on (but not caused by) a penalty (the occurrence of the penalty is necessary but not sufficient to cause the penalty kick as authorization of the referee is required). Historical dependence is transitive. Hence, in the example above, Real Madrid's goal is historically dependent on the penalty.
range: ConcreteIndividual

Type
comment: An entity that may be instantiated by (or predicated over) other entities. Types encompass what we often call "sorts", "kinds", "categories", etc. Examples include the kind "Person", the event type "Earthquake", and the abstract individual type "NaturalNumber". Relations, such as "marriedTo" and "olderThan", are also considered as types. Instances of gufo:Type are classes, and should specialize the taxonomy of individuals of gUFO. For example, "Person" is a gufo:Type (more specifically a gufo:Kind), specializing gufo:Object. The mechanism that allows for this is called punning in OWL 2. Encompasses the notion of "Universal" in Guizzardi (2005).
type: Class

Contact Point
definition: A means of reaching an agent: an email address, telephone number, or postal address.
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Object

hasValueComponent
domain: QualityValue
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: This property is used for quality values that are defined in terms of a multidimensional quality structure (such as color conceived in terms of hue, saturation and brightness). Each value component of a quality value (a particular value for hue, a particular value for saturation, a particular value for brightness) is determined with this property. It is recommended that subproperties of gufo:hasValueComponent are created to indicate values for particular dimensions, possibly identifying the datatype to be used. For example "hasHueComponent", "hasSaturationComponent" and "hasBrightnessComponent" could be used as data properties specializing gufo:hasValueComponent with the xsd:double datatype.

Document
definition: A bounded textual or digital document — a file, record, or report.
subclass of: Creative Work
type: Class

name
definition: The name by which an entity is known.
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Entity
range: Literal

concernsQualityType
type: FunctionalProperty
domain: QualityValueAttributionSituation
range: EndurantType
comment: Identifies the quality type (a gufo:EndurantType subclassing gufo:Quality) whose value is attributed in the gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation.
type: ObjectProperty

isComponentOf
domain: Object
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Identifies a gufo:FunctionalComplex of which the object is a component. For example, the habitation module is a component of the International Space Station, and so are each of the solar panels; Obama's brain is a component of his body, and so is his heart; the engine is a component of the HMS Queen Elizabeth (R08). gufo:isComponentOf is not transitive in the general case. Particular sub-properties may be transitive (Guizzardi, 2005, p. 183). When a component may change its relation to be whole, see gufo:standsInQualifiedParthood.
range: FunctionalComplex
sub property of: isObjectProperPartOf

Entity
definition: Anything in the GMEOW universe of discourse that persists in time and can bear properties: an agent, a document, a contact point, and so on.
subclass of: Endurant
type: Class

NIP-05 identifier
definition: A Nostr NIP-05 identifier (user@domain) verifying a Nostr account against a domain.
domain: Online Account
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal

has worked with
definition: Records that two agents have worked together; symmetric.
range: Agent
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agent

hasBeginPointInXSDDate
type: FunctionalProperty
range: date
comment: Determines the begin point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual, using a xsd:date literal. In the case of endurants, gufo:asBeginPointInXSDDate determines the time point when the endurant comes into existence. In the case of events, this data property determines the time point when the event starts to take place. In the case of situation, it determines the time point when the situation begins to hold. Use gufo:hasBeginPoint instead when temporal entities are reified.
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: ConcreteIndividual

Occupation
type: Class
subclass of: Entity
definition: A kind of work or profession, such as those classified by ESCO or SOC.

Role
subclass of: Role
type: Class
definition: A function or position an agent plays in some context, such as a job title or organizational role.

Software Project
definition: A software project: a body of source code developed and released as a unit, with repositories, releases, and contributors.
subclass of: Creative Work
type: Class

categorizes
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Identifies a gufo:Type whose instances may be classified by instances of the categorizing higher-order type. For example, "ShipType" gufo:categorizes "Ship". Instances of "ShipType" such as "Supercarrier" and "Cargoship" should be declared subclasses of "Ship". OWL 2 punning should be used to capture the two facets of "Supercarrier" and "Cargoship" in this example: (i) as instances of "ShipType", and (ii) as subclasses of "Ship". The categorized type is termed the "base type" in the "powertype pattern" see Carvalho et al (2017), the higher-order type is often called the "powertype". gufo:categorizes is the general (unspecific) form of categorization. See gufo:partitions for a more specific form, in which instances of the categorized type are classified by exactly one instance of the higher-order type. The domain is gufo:Type excluding gufo:AbstractIndividualType as well as gufo:ConcreteIndividualTypes because those types are first-order types (their instances are individuals). Only instances of gufo:Type representing higher-order types can categorize a base type. For further details and formalization of "categorization", see Carvalho et al (2017) which combines UFO with MLT (a multi-level modeling theory). V. A. Carvalho, J. P. A. Almeida, C. M. Fonseca, and G. Guizzardi, “Multi-level ontology-based conceptual modeling,” Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 109, p. 3–24, 2017. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2017.03.002>
domain: Class
  intersection of: Type
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: AbstractIndividualType
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: ConcreteIndividualType
range: Type

concernsNonRigidType
type: ObjectProperty
domain: TemporaryInstantiationSituation
comment: Identifies the gufo:NonRigidType that is instantiated by the endurant that stands in a gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation.
type: FunctionalProperty
range: NonRigidType

has party
range: Agent
definition: Relates an agreement to an agent that is bound by it.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Agreement

identifier
definition: A formal identifier of a creative work, such as a DOI or patent number.
domain: Creative Work
range: Literal
type: DatatypeProperty

broughtAbout
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Identifies a gufo:Situation that is brought about by the gufo:Event. Guizzardi et al. (2013) included a notion of "brings-about" that related events to a single ("maximal") situation, embodying all the effects of the event at the time it ends. This implementation of gufo:broughtAbout diverges from "brings-about" in that work because gufo:broughtAbout can be used to relate events to more than one gufo:Situation. Each gufo:Situation identified through gufo:broughtAbout should be understood as an (improper) part of the maximal situation.
range: Situation
domain: Event

ConcreteIndividual
type: Class
disjoint union of: Endurant
disjoint union of: Event
disjoint union of: Situation
comment: A gufo:Individual that exists in space-time. Concrete individuals comprise not only object-like entities (a car, a mountain, a person, a marriage, a belief), but also events (a business meeting, a soccer match) and situations (the situation in which a person weighs 80 kilograms, the situation in which a bank account is overdrawn).
subclass of: Individual

has contact point
definition: Relates an agent to a means of contacting it.
range: Contact Point
domain: Agent
type: ObjectProperty

isCollectionMemberOf
type: ObjectProperty
range: Collection
comment: Identifies a gufo:Collection of which the object is a member. This is the relation between John and a group of persons, and between a cow and its herd. gufo:isCollectionMemberOf is intransitive (Guizzardi, 2005, p. 185). For membership in a gufo:VariableCollection, see gufo:standsInQualifiedParthood.
domain: Object
sub property of: isObjectProperPartOf

TemporaryRelationshipSituation
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Endurant
  on property:
    inverse of: standsInQualifiedRelationship
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concernsRelatedEndurant
  some values from: Endurant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concernsRelationshipType
  on class: RelationshipType
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Situation
type: Class
comment: A gufo:Situation in which a gufo:Endurant temporarily stands in a relation with another gufo:Endurant (or other endurants in the case of n-ary relationships). Reification of a gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation allows qualification of the relationship with the period in time in which it applies. Examples include: the situation in which Einstein works at the Swiss Patent Office in Bern; the situation in which Elon Musk studies at the University of Pennsylvania; the situation in which John Lennon is married to Yoko Ono; and the situation in which Facebook has a lower market value than Amazon. For material relationships, prefer the use of gufo:Relator. This is a reification of the relationship (in a solution that is similar to the qualified relation pattern http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html).

Aspect
comment: A gufo:Endurant that depends on at least one other concrete individual for its existence. A gufo:Aspect is a characteristic or trait of a concrete individual that is itself conceived as an individual. Examples include: intrinsic physical aspects, such as the Moon's mass, Lassie's fur color; mental dispositions, such as Bob's math skills, his belief that the number one is odd; as well as relational aspects, such as John's love for Mary and the marriage between John and Mary. The specific sort of existential dependence connecting aspects to their bearers is called inherence. Corresponds to "Moment" in Guizzardi (2005). Also termed "property instance", "particularized property", "individual accident", or "(variable) trope" in the philosophical literature.
subclass of: Endurant
type: Class
disjoint union of: ExtrinsicAspect
disjoint union of: IntrinsicAspect
disjoint with: Object

standsInQualifiedConstitution
type: ObjectProperty
range: TemporaryConstitutionSituation
sub property of: standsIn
comment: Identifies a gufo:TemporaryConstitutionSituation in which an endurant stands temporarily (as a constituent). The identified gufo:TemporaryConstitutionSituation is further related with an endurant (the whole) through the gufo:concernsConstitutedEndurant object property. This forms a pattern to represent temporary constitution, in which the relationships between constituents and constituted endurant vary in different situations. Consider, for example, a group of people (understood as a gufo:FixedCollection) constituting a band (understood as a gufo:FunctionalComplex). In this case, any change in the membership of the group (e.g., the replacement of one person) creates a different group of people. Therefore, the band's constitution can change in time, and the pattern using gufo:TemporaryConstitutionSituation is applicable.
domain: Endurant

hasBeginPoint
comment: Identifies the begin point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual, in the case in which time instants are reified. In the case of endurants, this identifies the time point when the endurant comes into existence. In the case of events, this identifies the time point when the event starts to take place. In the case of situation, this identifies the time point when the situation begins to hold. If time instants are not reified, use gufo:hasBeginPointInXSDDate or gufo:hasBeginPointInXSDDateTimeStamp.
range: Instant
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ConcreteIndividual

GMEOW — Global Metadata and Entity Ontology for the Web
preferred namespace uri: https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/
publisher: Blackcat Informatics Inc.
type: Ontology
version info: 0.1.0
preferred namespace prefix: gmeow
created: 2026-06-03
license: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
label: GMEOW
description: A reasoning-centric, OWL 2 DL, upper-ontology-grounded super-vocabulary that unifies document metadata, entity descriptions, legal agreements, contacts and person-centric data. GMEOW is grounded in gUFO and aligned to FOAF, REL, DOAP, PROV-O, schema.org and Wikidata.
version IRI: https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/0.1.0
rights: Copyright © 2026 Blackcat Informatics® Inc. Licensed under CC BY 4.0; also available under separate proprietary terms from Blackcat Informatics Inc.
modified: 2026-06-03
creator: Blackcat Informatics Inc.

manifestedIn
range: Event
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Aspect
comment: Identifies a gufo:Event in which the gufo:Aspect is manifested. For example, the passing of an electrical current in a conductor is an event that encompasses the manifestation of an aspect inhering in a copper wire (the wire's electrical conductivity).

Nostr public key
range: Literal
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: The Nostr public key (npub / hex) identifying a decentralized-identity account.
domain: Online Account

Activity
definition: Something that occurs over a period of time and acts upon or with entities — creating, transforming, using, or attributing them.
type: Class
subclass of: Event

mediates
type: IrreflexiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
domain: Relator
range: Endurant
comment: Identifies the endurants mediated by a gufo:Relator. For example, John and Mary's marriage mediates John and Mary.

QualityValue
type: Class
subclass of: AbstractIndividual
comment: A gufo:AbstractIndividual that can be associated with a gufo:Quality reflecting the perception or conception of the quality in a certain value space. Instances of gufo:QualityValue include the rational number 2.5 when used to conceive of the acidity of a portion of wine (in a pH scale), the tuple <38.8897,-77.0089> when used to conceive of the location of a building (in a space formed by latitude and longitude), or the triplet <0,0,0> when used to conceive of the color of a physical object (in a trimensional space formed by red, green and blue color components). Corresponds to "Quale" in Guizzardi (2005). Use this class only for quality values (qualia) that are to be reified in the A-box and associated with a gufo:ConcreteIndividual through the object property gufo:hasReifiedQualityValue. Otherwise, use the gufo:hasQualityValue data property and a literal to determine the quality value.

concernsConstitutedEndurant
comment: Identifies the constituted gufo:Endurant in the gufo:TemporaryConstitutionSituation.
domain: TemporaryConstitutionSituation
range: Endurant
type: ObjectProperty

isSubCollectionOf
domain: Collection
comment: Identifies a gufo:Collection of which the collection is a sub-collection. All members of the sub-collection are members of the identified super-collection. gufo:isSubCollectionOf is transitive (Guizzardi, 2005, p. 186). For parthood involving one or more varied collections, see gufo:standsInQualifiedParthood.
type: ObjectProperty
range: Collection
sub property of: isObjectProperPartOf
type: TransitiveProperty

has met
domain: Agent
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
range: Agent
definition: Records that two agents have met; symmetric.

title
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
definition: The title of a creative work.
domain: Creative Work

has agreement
range: Agreement
domain: Agent
definition: Relates an agent to an agreement it is party to.
type: ObjectProperty

has used
definition: Records that an agent has used some entity (a tool, service, or work).
type: ObjectProperty
range: Entity
domain: Agent

ComparativeRelationshipType
subclass of: RelationshipType
type: Class
comment: A gufo:RelationshipType derived from intrinsic aspects of the related entities. For example, "heavierThan", "olderThan". For a gufo:ComparativeRelationshipType it is recommended to identify the types of intrinsic aspects from which it is derived (see gufo:isDerivedFrom). For example "heavierThan" is derived from the "Weight" quality type. Note that, in the case of relationships that may change in different circumstances or times, the use of a qualified relation pattern enables indicating the period of time in which the relationship holds. See gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation. Corresponds to "comparative formal relation" in Guizzardi (2005) and "Comparative Relation" in Fonseca et al. (2019).
disjoint with: MaterialRelationshipType

Membership
definition: The reified relationship by which an agent is a member of an organization, optionally playing a role over a period of time.
subclass of: Relator
type: Class

Repository
type: Class
definition: A version-control repository holding the source code of a software project.
subclass of: Information Object

standsInQualifiedInstantiation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Identifies a gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation in which the endurant stands. The identified gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation is further related with a gufo:NonRigidType through the gufo:concernsNonRigidType object property. This forms a pattern to represent the contigent instantiation of a non-rigid type by the endurant, in which case instantiation may vary in different situations.
range: TemporaryInstantiationSituation
sub property of: standsIn
domain: Endurant

Agent
subclass of: FunctionalComplex
definition: An entity that can act, bear responsibility, and enter into agreements: a person, an organization, or a software agent.
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

has spouse
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person
definition: Relates a person to a spouse; symmetric.
range: Person
type: SymmetricProperty

Place
type: Class
subclass of: Object
definition: A geographic location: a country, city, building, or point of interest.
subclass of: Entity

has parent
range: Person
domain: Person
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a person to a parent (biological, adoptive, or social).

Dataset
subclass of: Creative Work
definition: A collection of data published as a unit.
type: Class

has child
definition: Relates a person to a child; the inverse of hasParent.
range: Person
inverse of: has parent
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Person

contributedToTrigger
range: Event
comment: Identifies a gufo:Event that the gufo:Situation contributed to trigger. Guizzardi et al. (2013) defined a notion of "triggers" to relate the situation satisfying all the sufficient and necessary conditions with the triggered event. This implementation differs from "triggers" as defined in that work because gufo:contributedToTrigger can be used to relate more than one gufo:Situation to a gufo:Event. Each gufo:Situation identified through gufo:contributedToTrigger should be understood as an (improper) part of the situation that triggered the event.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Situation

date published
range: dateTime
definition: The date a creative work was published or issued.
domain: Creative Work
type: DatatypeProperty

Instant
type: Class
comment: An gufo:AbstractIndividual that reifies time instants. It is used as a target of the gufo:hasBeginPoint and gufo:hasEndPoint object properties.
subclass of: AbstractIndividual

concernsRelationshipType
type: ObjectProperty
type: FunctionalProperty
range: RelationshipType
comment: Identifies the gufo:RelationshipType instantiated in the gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation.
domain: TemporaryRelationshipSituation

holds account
range: Online Account
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates an agent to an online account it holds.
domain: Agent

isProperPartOf
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Identifies a whole of which the entity is a proper part. gufo:isProperPartOf is the most generic parthood relation in this implementation. Use the various sub-properties provided in order to represent specific types of parthood. Proper parthood (and each of its sub-properties) is asymmetric and irreflexive. Nevertheless, these characteristics are not declared in this implementation since that would violate rules of OWL 2 DL that guarantee decidability of reasoning. Instead, we have focused only on declaring transitivity where applicable. Note that gufo:isProperPartOf (as the most general notion of parthood) is transitive, although the various sub-properties may not be transitive.
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Thing
range: Thing

partitions
domain: Class
  intersection of: Type
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: AbstractIndividualType
  intersection of: Class
    complement of: ConcreteIndividualType
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: categorizes
comment: Identifies a gufo:Type whose instances are classified by exactly one instance of the partitioning higher-order type. For example, "AnimalSpecies" gufo:partitions "Animal". Instances of "AnimalSpecies" such as "Lion", "Hiena" must be disjoint subclasses of "Animal". OWL 2 punning should be used to capture the two facets of "Lion" and "Hiena" in this example: (i) as instances of "AnimalSpecies", and (ii) as subclasses of "Animal". Note that the partitioned type (in the example "Animal") may or may not be declared to be a disjoint union of the explicitly enumerated subclasses (such as "Lion", "Hiena"). This is because other instances of the higher-order type ("AnimalSpecies") may exist that are not explicitly enumerated in the ontology. The partitioned type is termed the "base type" in the "powertype pattern" see Carvalho et al (2017), the higher-order type is often called the "powertype". For further details and formalization of "partitioning", see Carvalho et al (2017) which combines UFO with MLT (a multi-level modeling theory). V. A. Carvalho, J. P. A. Almeida, C. M. Fonseca, and G. Guizzardi, “Multi-level ontology-based conceptual modeling,” Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol. 109, p. 3–24, 2017. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.datak.2017.03.002>

IntrinsicMode
disjoint with: Quality
subclass of: IntrinsicAspect
type: Class
comment: A gufo:IntrinsicAspect that is not measurable. For example, Bob's belief that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris, his math skills, his headache. Corresponds to "Mode" in Guizzardi (2005).

programming language
domain: Software Project
type: DatatypeProperty
range: Literal
definition: A programming language a software project is written in.

Family
definition: A kinship group of persons related by descent, marriage, or adoption.
subclass of: Group
type: Class

has role
domain: Membership
type: ObjectProperty
range: Role
definition: Relates a membership to the role the member plays.

FixedCollection
comment: A gufo:Collection for which no change in membership is possible. Such a collection obeys an extensional principle of identity, i.e., two fixed collections are the same if, and only if, they have the same members. Consider, for example, a group of people understood as a gufo:FixedCollection. In this case, any change in the membership of the group (e.g., the addition of one person) would in fact create a different group of people. In this case, the gufo:FixedCollection may be contrasted with the complexes they constitute. For instance, The Beatles (the band conceived as a gufo:FunctionalComplex) was in a certain circumstance constituted by the collection {John, Paul, George, Pete} and in another one constituted by the collection {John, Paul, George, Ringo}. The replacement of Pete Best by Ringo Star does not alter the identity of the band, but creates a different group of people.
type: Class
disjoint with: VariableCollection
subclass of: Collection

hasQualityValue
type: DatatypeProperty
comment: Determines a quality value associated with the concrete individual. Use gufo:hasReifiedQualityValue instead when quality values are reified. It is recommended that subproperties of gufo:hasQualityValue are created, possibly identifying the datatype to be used. For example, "hasTemperatureValue" could be defined as a sub-property of gufo:hasQualityValue whose domain is "Temperature" (specializing gufo:Quality) and whose range is xsd:double.
domain: ConcreteIndividual

AbstractIndividual
type: Class
disjoint with: ConcreteIndividual
subclass of: Individual
comment: A gufo:Individual that does not exist in space-time in the same way as a gufo:ConcreteIndividual does. A gufo:AbstractIndividual has no spatiotemporal qualities in its own right. Hence, it does not make sense to ask how much space it now occupies (Gideon, 2018) and when it was created or destroyed. Examples include the number ten, the null set, and the proposition that 'Obama was the president of the United States'. Rosen, Gideon, "Abstract Objects", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2018/entries/abstract-objects/>

Media Object
definition: An image, audio, or video media file.
subclass of: Creative Work
type: Class

was attributed to
range: Agent
definition: Ascribes responsibility for an entity to an agent.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Entity

AbstractIndividualType
type: Class
subclass of: Type
disjoint with: ConcreteIndividualType
disjoint with: RelationshipType
comment: A gufo:Type whose instances are abstract individuals. Instances of gufo:AbstractIndividualType are subclasses of gufo:AbstractIndividual. Examples include the types "NaturalNumber", "Set", "Proposition".

VariableCollection
comment: TemporaryParthoodSituation
comment: A gufo:Collection for which change in membership is possible. Such a collection obeys an intensional principle of identity, i.e., change in membership does not necessarily create a different collection. For example, KLM's fleet of airplanes could be understood as a gufo:VariableCollection. In this case, when the company acquires (or retires) an airplane, the fleet changes. Note that, in this case, the airplanes are conceptualized as playing the role of "member of a fleet". If various roles for the parts of a fleet were envisioned (such as "cargo airplane", "passenger airplane"), then a fleet would be best understood as a gufo:FunctionalComplex. See gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation for the pattern to represent the relation of a variable collection to its temporary parts.
subclass of: Collection
type: Class

standsInQualifiedParthood
comment: Identifies a gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation in which the endurant stands (as a temporary part). The identified gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation is further related with an endurant (the whole) through the gufo:concernsTemporaryWhole object property. This forms a pattern to represent temporary parthood, in which the relationships between parts and wholes vary in different situations. In particular, this pattern is useful in case parts may be separated from their wholes, attached to other wholes, replaced.
sub property of: standsIn
domain: Endurant
type: ObjectProperty
range: TemporaryParthoodSituation

SituationType
subclass of: ConcreteIndividualType
comment: A gufo:Type whose instances are situations. Instances of gufo:SituationType are subclasses of gufo:Situation. Examples include "HazardousSituation", "PersonHasFever", "PersonIsStudent".
type: Class

contained in place
type: TransitiveProperty
range: Place
definition: Relates a place to a larger place that geographically contains it; transitive.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Place

standsIn
range: Situation
comment: Identifies a gufo:Situation in which the entity stands. This implementation includes sub-properties of gufo:standsIn to identify situations concerning the attribution of (mutable) values to qualities, variable relationships, the instantiation of non-contingent types, temporary parthood and temporary constitution.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Thing

Quality
comment: A gufo:IntrinsicAspect that is measurable by some value spaces. A quality may be used to compare individuals, on the basis of the value it takes in a certain quality space (for instance, a position within the RGB spectrum). Examples include the weight of a person, the name of organization, the color of a car, and the duration of a concert.
type: Class
subclass of: IntrinsicAspect

Article
definition: A written work published in a periodical, blog, or scholarly venue.
subclass of: Creative Work
type: Class

Patent
type: Class
subclass of: Creative Work
definition: A granted or filed patent describing an invention.

Web Page
type: Class
subclass of: Creative Work
definition: A page on the web identified by a URL.

Credential
definition: An educational or occupational credential held by an agent — a degree, certification, or license.
type: Class
subclass of: Entity

Sortal
subclass of: EndurantType
type: Class
comment: A gufo:EndurantType which carries (or supplies) a principle of identity for its instances (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4).

Phase
subclass of: AntiRigidType
disjoint with: Role
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that is both sortal and anti-rigid. It is defined by intrinsic but contingent instantiation conditions. Phases are relationally independent types that capturec intrinsic properties shared by instances of a given kind. For example, "Child" may be considered a gufo:Phase as a subclass of the gufo:Kind "Person", instantiated by persons younger than 12. Another example is the type "IllPerson", which may be considered a gufo:Phase that is instantiated whenever an instance of "Disease" (a gufo:IntrinsicMode) inheres in a person.
type: Class
subclass of: Sortal

mapped from
definition: The source property a claim was derived from during ingestion, recorded for mapping-step audit.
type: AnnotationProperty

RelationshipType
comment: A gufo:Type whose instances are ordered pairs of related entities. Instances of gufo:RelationshipType are object properties in UFO-based ontologies. The object properties "marriedWith" and "enrolledIn" are examples of material relationship types. The object properties "heavierThan", "olderThan" are examples of comparative relationship types. The use of gufo:RelationshipType and its subclasses requires OWL 2 punning. Corresponds to "Relation" in Guizzardi (2005) and Fonseca et al. (2019).
type: Class
subclass of: Type

QualityValueAttributionSituation
subclass of: Class
  union of: Restriction
    on property: concernsReifiedQualityValue
    on class: QualityValue
    qualified cardinality: 1
  union of: Restriction
    on property: concernsQualityValue
    cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property:
    inverse of: standsInQualifiedAttribution
  on class: Endurant
disjoint with: TemporaryRelationshipSituation
disjoint with: TemporaryConstitutionSituation
disjoint with: TemporaryInstantiationSituation
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: concernsQualityType
  on class: EndurantType
subclass of: Situation
comment: A gufo:Situation in which a quality value is temporarily attributed to a gufo:Endurant. A gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation should be used only for mutable qualities, i.e. those whose value can vary in time. Examples include: the situation in which the value of a bitcoin in Euros is 6.526,12, which lasted from 10/12/2019 to 11/12/2019; the situation in which the weight of Mike Tyson was 100 kg; and the situation in which the color of Einstein' hair was grey. This is a reification of the quality value attribution (in a solution that is similar to the qualified relation pattern http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html )
disjoint with: TemporaryParthoodSituation
type: Class

NonRigidType
disjoint union of: AntiRigidType
disjoint union of: SemiRigidType
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that does not apply necessarily to at least one of its instances (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4). Examples include anti-rigid types, such as the role "Student" and the phase "Child", and semi-rigid types, such as the mixin "MusicalArtist" (which necessarily characterizes bands, but contingently characterizes people) and the mixin "FemaleAnimal" (which is necessarily characterizes female dogs, but contigently characterizes clownfish).
disjoint with: RigidType
type: Class
subclass of: EndurantType

Participation
comment: A gufo:Event that depends on a single object. Participations can be used to partition an event into portions, each of which depend exclusively on a single object. Consider a business meeting with multiple participants, including John and Mary. John's participation in the meeting encompasses all events that are part of the meeting and that depend solely on him. Likewise, Mary's participation encompasses all events that are part of the meeting and that depend solely on her. Similarly, in Brutus’ stabbing of Caesar, we may identify the participations of Brutus, of Caesar, and of the dagger.
subclass of: Event
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Object
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property:
    inverse of: participatedIn
type: Class

standsInQualifiedAttribution
domain: Endurant
comment: Identifies a gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation in which the endurant stands. The identified gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation is then used with the gufo:concernsQualityValue data property or the gufo:concernsReifiedQualityValue object property to indicate a quality value attributed to the gufo:Endurant standing in the situation. This forms a pattern to represent that quality values may differ in different situations.
type: ObjectProperty
sub property of: standsIn
range: QualityValueAttributionSituation

hasEndPointInXSDDate
type: FunctionalProperty
range: date
comment: Determines the end point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual using a xsd:date literal. In the case of endurants, gufo:hasEndPointInXSDDate determines the time point when the endurant ceases to exist. In the case of events, this data property determines the time point when the event ends. In the case of situation, it determines the time point when the situation ceases to hold. Use gufo:hasEndPoint instead when temporal entities are reified.
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: ConcreteIndividual

standsInQualifiedRelationship
sub property of: standsIn
domain: Endurant
range: TemporaryRelationshipSituation
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Identifies a gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation in which the endurant stands. The identified gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation is then used with the gufo:concernsRelatedEndurant and the gufo:concernsRelationshipType object properties to indicate the related element and the type of relationship that applies. This forms a pattern to represent that relationships that may change in different situations. For example, "heavierThan" may change when the objects involved gain or lose weight. For material relations, prefer the use of gufo:Relator.

Organization
definition: A structured group of agents — a company, institution, association, or governmental body — able to act as a single agent.
subclass of: Agent
type: Class

Collection
type: Class
subclass of: Object
disjoint union of: FixedCollection
disjoint union of: VariableCollection
comment: A complex gufo:Object whose parts (the members of the collection) have a uniform structure (i.e., members are conceived as playing the same role in the collection). Collections may have a fixed or variable membership, which can be asserted using gufo:FixedCollection and gufo:VariableCollection respectively. Examples include a deck of cards, a pile of bricks, a forest (conceived as a collection of trees), and a group of people. Collections in many cases constitute a functional complex. For example, a pile of bricks may constitute a wall, a group of people may constitute a football team. A gufo:Collection may be decomposed into "smaller" collections. For instance, a group of people may be decomposed into a group of English speakers and a group of Italian speakers. Sub collections may or may not share members among them.

TemporaryConstitutionSituation
comment: A gufo:Situation in which a gufo:Endurant temporarly constitutes another gufo:Endurant. When constitution of an object may change in time, it may be qualified by the period in time in which the relation applies. Examples include: the situation in which the Beatles is constituted by the group composed of {John,Paul,Ringo,George}; and the situation in which the statue of Venus de Milo was constituted by its original quantity of marble (including its arms). This is a reification of constitution (in a solution that is similar to the qualified relation pattern http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html)
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Object
  on property: concernsConstitutedEndurant
subclass of: Restriction
  on property:
    inverse of: standsInQualifiedConstitution
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: Object
disjoint with: TemporaryRelationshipSituation
subclass of: Situation
disjoint with: TemporaryInstantiationSituation
type: Class

Agreement
definition: A mutual understanding between two or more agents that creates obligations or rights, reified as a relator connecting its parties.
subclass of: Relator
type: Class

constitutes
comment: Identifies a gufo:ConcreteIndividual that is constituted (partially) by the constituent individual. For example, the gufo:Collection of persons whose members are John, Paul, George, Ringo constituted the beatles, the gufo:Quantity of marble that constitutes the statue of Venus de Milo, and the gufo:Event of Paul raising his arm in a meeting that constitutes his voting (also a gufo:Event). In case constitution changes in time, see gufo:standsInQualifiedConstitution.
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ConcreteIndividual
range: ConcreteIndividual

Marriage
subclass of: Event
type: Class
definition: The event of two persons entering into marriage, with a date and place.

has sibling
range: Person
type: SymmetricProperty
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a person to a sibling; symmetric.
domain: Person

Object
subclass of: Endurant
type: Class
comment: A gufo:Endurant that does not depend on another endurant for its existence (excluding its essential parts and aspects). Examples of objects include ordinary physical entities, such as a dog, a house, a tomato, a car, Alan Turing, but also socially-defined entities such as The Rolling Stones, the European Union, the Brazilian 1988 Constitution. Guizzardi (2005) also included the more abstract notion of "Substantial", which generalizes both objects and amounts of matter. That notion was left out from this implementation, together with the notion of amount of matter. Support for the representation of maximally-self-connected amounts of matter is given by gufo:Quantity.

MaterialRelationshipType
comment: A gufo:RelationshipType derived from extrinsic aspects of the related entities. For example, "marriedWith", "employedBy", "enrolledIn", "admires". For a gufo:MaterialRelationshipType it is recommended to identify the type of extrinsic aspect from which the material relationship type is derived (see gufo:isDerivedFrom). For example "marriedWith" can be derived from the "Marriage" relator type, "employedBy" can be derived from the "Employment" relator type. Encompasses "Material Relation" in Guizzardi (2005) and corresponds to "Material Relation" in Fonseca et al. (2019).
subclass of: RelationshipType
type: Class

Group
subclass of: Entity
subclass of: Collection
definition: A collection of agents treated as a unit without the formal structure of an organization.
type: Class

longitude
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Geo Coordinates
range: decimal
definition: The longitude of a geographic point in decimal degrees.

Category
subclass of: RigidType
type: Class
subclass of: NonSortal
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that is both non-sortal and rigid. It captures essential properties that apply to instances of different kinds. For example, "PhysicalObject" may be considered a gufo:Category, encompassing objects such as cars, planets, trees. "Agent" may be a gufo:Category that classifies both people and organizations.

given name
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Person
range: Literal
definition: A person's given (first) name.

hasEndPointInXSDDateTimeStamp
type: FunctionalProperty
range: dateTimeStamp
comment: Determines the end point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual using a xsd:dateTimeStamp literal. In the case of endurants, gufo:hasEndPointInXSDDateTimeStamp determines the time point when the endurant ceases to exist. In the case of events, this data property determines the time point when the event ends. In the case of situation, it determines the time point when the situation ceases to hold. Use gufo:hasEndPoint instead when temporal entities are reified.
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: ConcreteIndividual

EndurantType
disjoint with: SituationType
disjoint union of: NonSortal
disjoint union of: Sortal
subclass of: ConcreteIndividualType
disjoint with: EventType
type: Class
disjoint union of: NonRigidType
disjoint union of: RigidType
comment: A gufo:Type whose instances are endurants. Instances of gufo:EndurantType are subclasses of gufo:Endurant. Examples include the object kind "Person", the phase "Child", the relator kind "Marriage". See Guizzardi et al. (2018) for details concerning the taxonomy of endurant types included here.

Creative Work
subclass of: Information Object
definition: An information artifact resulting from creative or intellectual effort — a document, article, dataset, media object, or web page.
type: Class

hasEndPoint
type: ObjectProperty
range: Instant
domain: ConcreteIndividual
comment: Identifies the end point for a gufo:ConcreteIndividual, in the case in which time instants are reified. In the case of endurants, this identifies the time point when the endurant ceases to exist. In the case of events, this identifies the time point when the event ends. In the case of situation, this identifies the time point when the situation ceases to hold.

NonSortal
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that applies to individuals of different kinds (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4). Non-sortals do not provide a uniform principle of identity for their instances; instead, they just classify things that share common properties but which obey different principles of identity. Also termed "dispersive" types in the philosophical literature.
type: Class
subclass of: EndurantType
disjoint with: Sortal

isObjectProperPartOf
comment: Identifies a gufo:Object of which the object is a part. This is a general parthood relation between objects. Use the various sub-properties provided in order to represent specific types of parthood, each of which has specialized semantics (and different formal properties in this implementation, in particular, transitivity (Guizzardi, 2005, section 5.6).
type: ObjectProperty
range: Object
domain: Object
type: TransitiveProperty
sub property of: isProperPartOf

developer
range: Agent
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a software project to an agent that develops it.
domain: Software Project

Kind
subclass of: RigidType
type: Class
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that is both sortal and rigid. It provides a uniform principle of identity for its instances. Every gufo:Endurant instantiates one and only one gufo:Kind. Examples include kinds of ordinary objects of everyday experience, such as: "Person", "House", "Car"; kinds of relators, such as "Marriage", "RentalContract"; kinds of existentially-dependent aspects of objects, such as "Weight", "Belief", "Vulnerability".
disjoint with: SubKind
subclass of: Sortal

telephone
range: Literal
domain: Agent
definition: A telephone number at which an agent can be reached.
type: DatatypeProperty

Information Object
type: Class
definition: An entity whose nature is to carry information content: a document, dataset, software artifact, online account, or message. The shared parent of the document, software and account layers.
subclass of: Object
subclass of: Entity

Geo Coordinates
subclass of: Entity
definition: A geographic point expressed as latitude and longitude.
type: Class

inheresIn
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: Identifies the gufo:ConcreteIndividual in which the gufo:Aspect inheres. Inherence is a sort of existential dependence. The identified concrete individual is the "bearer" of the aspect. For example, the color of an object inheres in the object and the average speed of a flight inheres in the flight.
range: ConcreteIndividual
type: IrreflexiveProperty
type: ObjectProperty
type: AsymmetricProperty
domain: Aspect

IntrinsicAspect
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheresIn
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: ConcreteIndividual
type: Class
subclass of: Aspect
comment: A gufo:Aspect that depends on a single concrete individual in which it inheres. Examples include intrinsic physical aspects, such as the Moon's mass, Lassie's fur color; the fragility of John Lennon's glasses; mental dispositions, such as Bob's math skills, his belief that the number one is odd. A gufo:IntrinsicAspect is classified as a gufo:Quality (e.g., an apple's weight, the height of the Statue of Liberty) if it is measurable by a certain value space, or as a gufo:IntrinsicMode (e.g. Bob's belief that the Eiffel Tower is in Paris) otherwise. Corresponds to "Intrinsic Moment" in Guizzardi (2005). Different from Guizzardi (2005), here we consider that aspects can inhere in concrete individuals in general, and not only in endurants.
disjoint union of: IntrinsicMode
disjoint union of: Quality

hasReifiedQualityValue
comment: Identifies an instance of gufo:QualityValue to reflect the perception or conception of a quality in a certain value space. Use this property only for quality values that are to be reified in the A-box and associated with a gufo:ConcreteIndividual. Otherwise, use the gufo:hasQualityValue data property and a literal to determine the quality value. The full representation pattern for quality values involves first identifying a gufo:Quality that inheres in a concrete individual and then associating it with a reified quality value. For example, let us consider the color of Yves Klein's "Blue Monochrome" painting made in 1961 (MoMA's object with number 618.1967). In the full pattern, an instance of gufo:Quality that inheres in the physical object (the color of that painting) is associated with a gufo:QualityValue (say the triplet <0, 47, 167> for that painting) through gufo:hasReifiedQualityValue. The full pattern is recommended when different quality spaces are expected to be used for the same quality. For example, the color of that painting could also be associated with a quadruple <100, 72, 0, 35> representing the same color in a CMYK space. When the full pattern is not required, gufo:hasReifiedQualityValue can also be used to directly associate a concrete individual (without identifying the quality) with a quality value.
type: ObjectProperty
range: QualityValue
domain: ConcreteIndividual

ActivityPub actor
domain: Online Account
definition: The ActivityPub actor IRI of a federated-social account.
type: DatatypeProperty
range: anyURI

Software Agent
definition: A software process or autonomous program that acts on behalf of a person or organization.
subclass of: Agent
type: Class

isDerivedFrom
type: ObjectProperty
domain: Class
  union of: ComparativeRelationshipType
  union of: MaterialRelationshipType
range: EndurantType
comment: Identifies a gufo:EndurantType from which the material or comparative relation can be derived. The identified gufo:EndurantType should be a subclass of gufo:Aspect, more specifically a subclass of gufo:ExtrinsicAspect in the case of a gufo:MaterialRelationshipType, and a subclass of gufo:IntrinsicAspect in the case of a gufo:ComparativeRelationshipType. For example, "marriedWith" can be derived from "Marriage", "heavierThan" can be derived from "Weight". See Fonseca et al. (2019).

isAspectProperPartOf
sub property of: isProperPartOf
domain: Aspect
range: Aspect
type: TransitiveProperty
comment: Identifies a gufo:Aspect of which the aspect is a proper part. For example, John's obligations towards Mary in the scope of their marriage is an aspect proper part of their marriage (and same can be said of Mary's extrinsic aspects in the scope of their marriage.) This property can be used to represent the composition of a relator from extrisinc aspects, but also to represent complex extrisinc aspects. gufo:isAspectProperPartOf is transitive.
type: ObjectProperty

Contract
type: Class
subclass of: Agreement
definition: A legally enforceable agreement.

has occupation
range: Occupation
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a person to an occupation they hold or have held.
domain: Person

Mixin
subclass of: NonSortal
subclass of: SemiRigidType
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that is both non-sortal and semi-rigid. As a semi-rigid type, it applies necessarily to some of its instances and contingently to some others. As a non-sortal, it captures properties shared by instances of different kinds. For example, the type "FemaleAnimal" may be considered a gufo:Mixin as it applies necessarily to animals of certain species, e.g., lions and sharks, while it applies contingently to animals of other species such as clownfish and mushroom corals (which may change sex given certain conditions).
type: Class

has coordinates
domain: Place
range: Geo Coordinates
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a place to its geographic coordinates.

ExtrinsicAspect
type: Class
comment: A gufo:Aspect that depends on one or more concrete individuals. Extrinsic (or "relational") aspects are reified relationships, e.g., John and Mary's marriage, Mary's employment contract at Nasa, or parts of those relationships, e.g., John's obligations towards Mary in the scope of the marriage, Mary's reciprocal claims, Mary's obligations towards John, John's reciprocal claims. Extrinsic aspects can also be reified one-sided relationships, e.g., John's admiration for Obama (which depends on Obama but does not characterize him). Corresponds to "Extrinsic Moment" in Fonseca et al (2019). Encompasses "Externally Depedent Mode", "Qua Individual" and "Relator" in Guizzardi (2005).
disjoint union of: ExtrinsicMode
disjoint union of: Relator
disjoint with: IntrinsicAspect
subclass of: Aspect

hasAssociatedQualityValueType
comment: Identifies a quality value type to which the quality type is associated. For example, a "Color" quality type may be associated with a "ColorValueInRGB" quality value type. It relates a specialization of gufo:Quality (an instance of gufo:EndurantType) to a specialization of gufo:QualityValue (an instance of gufo:AbstractIndividualType). To be used only when quality values are reified.
domain: EndurantType
type: ObjectProperty
range: AbstractIndividualType

has author
range: Agent
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates a creative work to an agent chiefly responsible for creating its intellectual content.
domain: Creative Work

importance level
definition: Relative import/source importance of a claim on a 0–10 scale; projection takes the maximum across imports.
type: AnnotationProperty

Endurant
disjoint union of: Aspect
disjoint union of: Object
type: Class
comment: A gufo:ConcreteIndividual that endures in time and may change qualitatively while keeping its identity. Examples include: ordinary objects of everyday experience, such as a person, a house, and a car; reified relationships, such as a marriage, a rental contract, and a person's love for another; and existentially-dependent aspects of objects, such as a car's weight, a person's language skills, and a house's color. Also termed "continuant" in the philosophical literature.
subclass of: ConcreteIndividual

SubKind
subclass of: Sortal
subclass of: RigidType
type: Class
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that is both sortal and rigid. It specializes a gufo:Kind carrying the principle of identity supplied by that kind. Every gufo:SubKind should directly or indirectly specialize a gufo:Kind. For example, the gufo:Kind "Lion" may be specialized into the "Lionness" and "Male Lion" subkinds, while the gufo:Kind "Computer" may be specialized into the "Laptop" and "Desktop" subkinds.

externallyDependsOn
type: ObjectProperty
domain: ExtrinsicMode
type: IrreflexiveProperty
range: Endurant
comment: Identifies a gufo:Endurant on which the gufo:ExtrinsicMode depends. For example, John's duty to return the book he borrowed from Mary (a gufo:ExtrinsicMode) depends externally on Mary. The identifed gufo:Endurant should be external to the bearer of the extrinsic mode (see Guizzardi, 2005, p. 239). In other words, the identified endurant should not be a part or an intrisic aspect of the bearer of the extrinsic mode.

Email Address
subclass of: Contact Point
definition: A contact point reachable via the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
type: Class

Event
subclass of: ConcreteIndividual
comment: A gufo:ConcreteIndividual that 'occurs' or 'happens' in time. They may be instantaneous or long-running. Events are those "things that happen to or are performed by" (Casati and Varzi, 2015) endurants. Examples include actions and processes, such as a business meeting, a communicative act, a soccer match, a goal kick, the clicking of a mouse button; as well as natural occurrences such as an earthquake, the fall of the meteor that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs. Also termed "happening", "occurrence", "perdurant" or "occurrent" in the philosophical literature. Casati, R. & Varzi, A. (2015). Events. In E.N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2015 ed.). 19 Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2015/entries/events/
type: Class

ConcreteIndividualType
subclass of: Type
type: Class
disjoint with: RelationshipType
comment: A gufo:Type whose instances are concrete individuals. Instances of gufo:ConcreteIndividualType are subclasses of gufo:ConcreteIndividual. Examples include the gufo:Kind "Person", the gufo:Category "Physical Object", the gufo:EventType "Business Meeting".

Postal Address
type: Class
subclass of: Contact Point
definition: A contact point reachable by physical mail at a postal address.

has repository
type: ObjectProperty
range: Repository
definition: Relates a software project to a source-code repository.
domain: Software Project

SemiRigidType
comment: A gufo:NonRigidType that applies necessarily to some of its instances and contingently to some others (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4).
subclass of: NonRigidType
type: Class

account name
range: Literal
domain: Online Account
type: DatatypeProperty
definition: The handle or user name identifying the account on its service.

Relator
subclass of: Restriction
  min qualified cardinality: 2
  on property: mediates
  on class: Endurant
type: Class
comment: A gufo:ExtrinsicAspect that connects (involves, mediates) two or more concrete individuals. Relators are reified relationships composed of reciprocal extrinsic modes. Examples of relators include John and Mary's marriage (composed of John's obligations towards Mary in the scope of the marriage, Mary's reciprocal claims, Mary's obligations towards John, John's reciprocal claims), Mary's employment contract at Nasa, a covalent bond between two atoms.
subclass of: ExtrinsicAspect

EventType
type: Class
comment: A gufo:Type whose instances are events. Instances of gufo:EventType are subclasses of gufo:Event. Examples include "Business Meeting", "Birth", "Musical Performance".
disjoint with: SituationType
subclass of: ConcreteIndividualType

participatedIn
domain: Object
range: Event
comment: Identifies a gufo:Event in which the gufo:Object participated. Examples include the participation of Freddy Mercury in Queen's Live Aid Concert and the participation of an airplane in a flight.
type: ObjectProperty

member of
domain: Agent
type: ObjectProperty
range: Organization
definition: Relates an agent to an organization it belongs to.

ExtrinsicMode
disjoint with: Relator
type: Class
comment: A gufo:ExtrinsicAspect that inheres in a concrete individual and depends on others for its existence. A gufo:ExtrinsicMode can be understood as a reified one-sided relationship, such as John's admiration for Mary. Corresponds to "Extrinsic Moment" in Fonseca et al (2019). Encompasses what "Externally Dependent Mode", "Qua Individual" and "Relator" in Guizzardi (2005).
subclass of: ExtrinsicAspect
subclass of: Restriction
  some values from: ConcreteIndividual
  on property: externallyDependsOn
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: inheresIn
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on class: ConcreteIndividual

FunctionalComplex
comment: isComponentOf
type: Class
comment: A complex gufo:Object whose parts (components) play different roles in its composition. For example, a person could be considered a gufo:FunctionalComplex with the various organs (heart, brain, lungs, etc.) playing different roles. Another example is a scrum team, which is composed by people playing the roles of scrum master, product owner, developer, etc. To explicitly capture temporary components, use gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation.
subclass of: Object

Role
type: Class
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that both sortal and anti-rigid. It is defined by relational instantiation conditions. Roles are relationally dependent types, capturing relational properties shared by instances of a given kind. For example, "Student" may be considered a gufo:Role as a subclass of the gufo:Kind "Person", instantiated by all persons enrolled in a school.
subclass of: Sortal
subclass of: AntiRigidType

concernsRelatedEndurant
type: ObjectProperty
range: Endurant
domain: TemporaryRelationshipSituation
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: Identifies the related gufo:Endurant in the gufo:TemporaryRelationshipSituation.

RoleMixin
subclass of: AntiRigidType
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that is both non-sortal and anti-rigid. It is defined by relational instantiation conditions. Role mixins are relationally dependent types, capturing relational properties shared by instances of different kinds. For example, "Customer" may be considered a gufo:RoleMixin as a superclass of the roles "CorporateCustomer" (specializing the gufo:Kind "BusinessOrganization") and "PersonalCustomer" (specializing the gufo:Kind "Person").
type: Class
subclass of: NonSortal

latitude
definition: The latitude of a geographic point in decimal degrees.
domain: Geo Coordinates
range: decimal
type: DatatypeProperty

Online Account
definition: An account an agent holds with an online service — a social profile, code-forge account, or decentralized identity.
subclass of: Information Object
type: Class

TemporaryParthoodSituation
comment: A gufo:Situation in which a gufo:Endurant is temporarily a part of another gufo:Endurant. A gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation should only be used for mutable parts. It may be qualified by the period in time in which the relation applies. Examples include: the situation in which the United Kingdom is a member of the European Union; the situation in which Messi is a a member of the Barcelona FC squad; the situation in which an engine is part of a car; and the situation in which a transplanted heart is part of a person. Note that, since every instance of gufo:Quantity or gufo:FixedCollection only has essential parts, the gufo:TemporaryParthoodSituation should not be used to represent these parthood relations. This solution is inspired in the qualified relation pattern (http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html).
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property:
    inverse of: standsInQualifiedParthood
  on class: Endurant
subclass of: Restriction
  qualified cardinality: 1
  on property: concernsTemporaryWhole
  on class: Endurant
subclass of: Situation
type: Class
disjoint with: TemporaryRelationshipSituation

Individual
disjoint with: Type
type: Class
disjoint union of: AbstractIndividual
disjoint union of: ConcreteIndividual
comment: An entity that (unlike a gufo:Type) cannot be instantiated. Individuals may be either concrete (e.g., the Earth, Mick Jagger, Brazil, the 1985 Mexico City Earthquake) or abstract (e.g., the number two, the proposition that 'three is a prime number'). Also known as "particular" in the philosophical literature.

has member
range: Agent
type: ObjectProperty
definition: Relates an organization to one of its member agents; the inverse of memberOf.
inverse of: member of
domain: Organization

wasCreatedIn
range: Event
domain: Endurant
type: ObjectProperty
comment: Identifies the gufo:Event which brought the gufo:Endurant into existence. For example, a musical piece is created in an act of composition (or in an event that is part of it), a piece of legislation is created in a complex legislative process. Benevides et al. (2019) only discussed creation of objects; gufo:wasCreatedIn is extended to endurants in general. Further, in that work "createdBy" required the event to "bring about" a situation in which the created object is present. We relax this requirement here, such that the object may be created and terminated in the scope of the identified gufo:Event. A. B. Benevides, J. R. Bourguet, G. Guizzardi, R. Penãloza, and J. P. A. Almeida, “Representing a reference foundational ontology of events in SROIQ,” Applied ontology, vol. 14, iss. 3, p. 293–334, 2019. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AO-190214>

Skill
subclass of: Entity
type: Class
definition: A competency or ability an agent possesses.

isEventProperPartOf
sub property of: isProperPartOf
comment: Identifies a gufo:Event of which the event is part. For example, Cristiano Ronaldo's penalty kick is an event proper part of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup Final, having ocurred in the 60th minute of that match. That match is itself an event proper part of the 2016 FIFA Club World Cup. The match can be decomposed in different ways. For example, we can identify the participation of each player in the match (instances of gufo:Participation that are proper parts of the match) or decomposed the match using some temporal segmentation (each minute of the match, each of which is a proper part of the match). gufo:isEventProperPartOf is transitive.
range: Event
type: TransitiveProperty
domain: Event
type: ObjectProperty

AntiRigidType
disjoint with: SemiRigidType
type: Class
subclass of: NonRigidType
comment: A gufo:NonRigidType that applies contingently to all its instances (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4). Examples include the gufo:Phase "Child", the gufo:PhaseMixin "InfantAnimal", the gufo:Role "Student", and the gufo:RoleMixin "Customer".

concernsQualityValue
comment: Determines a quality value associated with the gufo:ConcreteIndividual that stands in the gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation. Use gufo:concernsReifiedQualityValue instead when quality values are refied. It is recommended that subproperties of gufo:concernsQualityValue are created, possibly identifying the datatype to be used. For example, "concernsTemperatureValue" could be defined as a sub-property of gufo:concernsQualityValue with range xsd:double.
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: QualityValueAttributionSituation

email
definition: An email address at which an agent can be reached.
type: DatatypeProperty
domain: Agent
range: Literal

RigidType
subclass of: EndurantType
comment: A gufo:EndurantType which applies necessarily to its instances (see Guizzardi, 2005, chapter 4). Examples include the types "Agent", "Person", "Animal", "PhysicalObject", "Car", and "Tree".
type: Class

TemporaryInstantiationSituation
subclass of: Restriction
  on class: Endurant
  on property:
    inverse of: standsInQualifiedInstantiation
  qualified cardinality: 1
subclass of: Restriction
  on property: concernsNonRigidType
  on class: NonRigidType
  qualified cardinality: 1
disjoint with: TemporaryParthoodSituation
comment: A gufo:Situation in which a gufo:Endurant temporarily instantiates a gufo:NonRigidType. A gufo:TemporaryInstantiationSituation can account for the time period in which a particular instantiation holds. Examples include: the situation in which Obama instantiates the role of president, which began in 20/01/2009 and lasted until 20/01/2017; the situation in which Coatria instantiates the role of EU Member, which began in 01/07/2013 (and is still on-going); and the situation in which Steve Jobs instantiates the child phase, which began in 24/02/1955 and lasted until 24/02/1965. This solution is inspired in the qualified relation pattern (http://patterns.dataincubator.org/book/qualified-relation.html).
type: Class
disjoint with: TemporaryRelationshipSituation
subclass of: Situation

PhaseMixin
type: Class
subclass of: NonSortal
comment: A gufo:EndurantType that is both non-sortal and anti-rigid. It is defined by intrinsic but contingent instantiation conditions. Phase mixins are relationally independent types that capture intrinsic properties shared by instances of different kinds. For example, "LivingAnimal" may be considered a gufo:PhaseMixin as a superclass of the phases "LivingPerson" (specializing the gufo:Kind "Person") and "LivingDog" (specializing the gufo:Kind "Dog").
subclass of: AntiRigidType
disjoint with: RoleMixin

concernsReifiedQualityValue
type: ObjectProperty
range: QualityValue
type: FunctionalProperty
comment: Identifies the gufo:QualityValue (i.e., the reified quality value) associated with the endurant that stands in the gufo:QualityValueAttributionSituation.
comment: concernsQualityValue
domain: QualityValueAttributionSituation

Situation
type: Class
subclass of: ConcreteIndividual
comment: A gufo:ConcreteIndividual that is a particular configuration of a part of reality which can be understood as a whole and in which entities stand in relations. A situation may be counterfactual or actual. An actual situation (or in other words, a "fact") "obtains" in a certain time instant or during a time interval. Note that, in Guizzardi et al. (2013), situations were considered to obtain at a specific point in time. Here, instead, they obtain in a time interval when begin and end points differ. The various subclasses of Situation in this implementation are used to capture "mutable" facts which obtain during some time and fail to obtain at other times. This includes the contingent instantiation of non-rigid types (e.g., as someone is a child at one point in time and a teenager later), the attribution of value to mutable qualities (such as a person's weight) and temporary participation in part-whole relations for replaceable parts (such as a car's tires). Other subclasses may be created to capture domain-specific notions such as "HazardousSituation", "PersonHasFever".

wasTerminatedIn
type: ObjectProperty
range: Event
domain: Endurant
comment: Identifies the gufo:Event in which the gufo:Endurant was brought to an end. For example, the Space Shuttle Challenger (OV-099) (a gufo:FunctionalComplex) was destroyed during the launch of its tenth flight (a gufo:Event). Benevides et al. (2019) only discussed termination of objects; gufo:wasCreatedIn is extended to endurants in general. This means that a gufo:Relator (such as a marriage) can be declared terminated. Further, in that work "terminatedBy" required the event to be "triggered" by a situation in which the terminated object is present. We relax this requirement here, such that the object may be created and terminated in the scope of the identified gufo:Event. A. B. Benevides, J. R. Bourguet, G. Guizzardi, R. Penãloza, and J. P. A. Almeida, “Representing a reference foundational ontology of events in SROIQ,” Applied ontology, vol. 14, iss. 3, p. 293–334, 2019. <http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/AO-190214>

Quantity
comment: A complex gufo:Object that is a maximally-connected portion of stuff. A gufo:Quantity has a fixed constitution, and thus, removing or adding a sub-quantity would result in a different quantity. Examples include the portion of wine in a wine tank, a lump of clay, the gold that constitutes a wedding ring. Also termed "quantity of matter", "objectified portion of matter", "piece" in the philosophical literature.
type: Class
subclass of: Object

confidence
definition: Confidence in a claim, in the closed interval [0,1], attached to the statement it qualifies.
type: AnnotationProperty