Model Contested or Attributed Facts

Keep incompatible claims side by side by recording standpoint, vantage, modality, and evidence on the claim rather than on a single global fact slot.

Core Terms

gmeow:StandpointClaim, gmeow:vantage, gmeow:claimModality, gmeow:accordingTo

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Examples

Contested Authorship

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Blackcat Informatics® Inc. <paudley@blackcatinformatics.ca>
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
#
# Worked example: contested claims coexist, none privileged ( P9). Two
# scholars attribute the same play to different authors. Each attribution is a
# reified gmeow:StandpointClaim (a kind of Observation) carrying its own
# gmeow:vantage (whose standpoint), gmeow:observationResult (the claimed author),
# and gmeow:claimModality (HOW the standpoint holds it). A third standpoint does
# something flat models cannot express: it gmeow:refuted the Marlowe attribution
# — an explicit DENIAL, distinct from mere silence. There is no "preferred"
# author: the graph keeps every standpoint's stance side by side.
@prefix gmeow: <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/> .
@prefix ex:    <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/examples/standpoint/> .

ex:play a gmeow:CreativeWork ;
    gmeow:title "The Contested Tragedy"@en .

ex:marlowe a gmeow:Person ; gmeow:name "Christopher Marlowe"@en .
ex:shakespeare a gmeow:Person ; gmeow:name "William Shakespeare"@en .

# --- Standpoints: the scholarly positions from which each claim is held.
ex:revisionists a gmeow:Standpoint ; gmeow:sharpens gmeow:universalStandpoint .
ex:orthodoxy a gmeow:Standpoint ; gmeow:sharpens gmeow:universalStandpoint .
ex:forensicPanel a gmeow:Standpoint ; gmeow:sharpens gmeow:universalStandpoint .

# --- Claim 1: the revisionists hold (probably) that Marlowe wrote it.
ex:claimMarlowe a gmeow:StandpointClaim ;
    gmeow:vantage ex:revisionists ;
    gmeow:observedFeature ex:play ;
    gmeow:observationResult ex:marlowe ;
    gmeow:observationMethod gmeow:methodExpertJudgement ;
    gmeow:claimModality gmeow:probable .

# --- Claim 2: the orthodoxy holds (settled) that Shakespeare wrote it.
ex:claimShakespeare a gmeow:StandpointClaim ;
    gmeow:vantage ex:orthodoxy ;
    gmeow:observedFeature ex:play ;
    gmeow:observationResult ex:shakespeare ;
    gmeow:observationMethod gmeow:methodExpertJudgement ;
    gmeow:claimModality gmeow:unequivocal .

# --- Claim 3: a stylometric panel REFUTES the Marlowe attribution — settled
#     false, an explicit denial rather than silence. It coexists with claim 1.
ex:refuteMarlowe a gmeow:StandpointClaim ;
    gmeow:vantage ex:forensicPanel ;
    gmeow:observedFeature ex:play ;
    gmeow:observationResult ex:marlowe ;
    gmeow:observationMethod gmeow:methodComputationalModel ;
    gmeow:claimModality gmeow:refuted .