defeated by

CURIE: gmeow:defeatedBy
IRI: https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/defeatedBy
Category: property
Defined by: gmeow:slices/epistemics
Box roles: RBox role (What is this?)

A doxastic state or standpoint-claim is marked with a justification-defeat status — a solver-set flag such as Gettier-case or defeated. Non-functional: a state or claim may carry several defeat markers over time, and old markers are suppressed rather than erased (Principle 10). This is a solver annotation only; the reasoner never promotes or retracts it (Principle 12).

Structure

Property shape: object property; gmeow:JustificationSubject -> gmeow:JustificationStatus

Practical Pattern

Use gmeow:defeatedBy from gmeow:JustificationSubject to gmeow:JustificationStatus when the relationship itself belongs in the native GMEOW graph.

Example Snippets

These snippets are generated from canonical slice examples and trimmed to the Turtle blocks where this term appears.

Justification And Defeat

Source: slices/core/epistemics/examples/justification-and-defeat.ttl
Examples catalog: open in catalog#example-slices-core-epistemics-examples-justification-and-defeat

@prefix gmeow: <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/> .
@prefix ex:    <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/examples/epistemics/> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:   <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .



# --- Case 2: Gettier-defeated belief (stopped clock) -------------------------
# Same evidential kind as Case 1, but the basis is misleading: the clock is
# stopped and only happens to show the correct time. The solver marks the state
# as a Gettier case; the reasoner never infers this.
ex:adaGettierBelief a gmeow:DoxasticState ;
    rdfs:label "Ada's Gettier-defeated belief that it is noon"@en ;
    gmeow:epistemicAgent ex:ada ;
    gmeow:doxasticContent ex:timeNoon ;
    gmeow:credence "0.95"^^xsd:decimal ;
    gmeow:doxasticClaim ex:adaGettierClaim ;
    gmeow:justifiedBy ex:stoppedClockReading ;
    gmeow:defeatedBy gmeow:justificationStatusGettier .

Common Companion Terms

gmeow:JustificationSubject, gmeow:JustificationStatus

Usage Advice

Use when

Use to flag that a reified gmeow:DoxasticState or gmeow:StandpointClaim has a known justification problem (Gettier case, defeated, undercut, rebutted) as determined by the solver layer.

Avoid when

Avoid treating it as a reasoner-entailed truth bit or as a deletion signal; it is a solver annotation and should be paired with gmeow:displayable false for suppressed defeated claims rather than erasing them.

How to use

Point from a gmeow:DoxasticState or gmeow:StandpointClaim at one or more gmeow:JustificationStatus individuals; update by minting a new status link and suppressing the old one with gmeow:displayable false (Principle 10).

Examples

ex:aliceBelievesRound gmeow:defeatedBy gmeow:justificationStatusGettier.