justified by

• CURIE: gmeow:justifiedBy
• IRI: https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/justifiedBy
• Category: property
• Defined by: gmeow:slices/epistemics
• Box roles: RBox role (What is this?)

A doxastic state or standpoint-claim is justified by some evidence span, attestation, or further doxastic state — the basing / available-evidence relation. Non-functional: a single state or claim may be supported by several independent grounds, and competing justifications coexist (Principle 9). This property models only that the ground is available as a basis; it does NOT assert that the basis is adequate, and it never promotes justified-true-belief to knowledge — adequacy and Gettier verdicts are solver work (Principle 12).

Structure

Property shape: object property; gmeow:JustificationSubject -> gmeow:JustificationGround

Practical Pattern

Use gmeow:justifiedBy from gmeow:JustificationSubject to gmeow:JustificationGround when the relationship itself belongs in the native GMEOW graph.

Example Snippets

These snippets are generated from canonical slice examples and trimmed to the Turtle blocks where this term appears.

Flagship Epistemic Ledger

• Source: slices/core/epistemics/examples/flagship-epistemic-ledger.ttl
• Examples catalog: open in catalog#example-slices-core-epistemics-examples-flagship-epistemic-ledger

@prefix gmeow: <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/> .
@prefix ex:    <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/examples/epistemics/flagship/> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:   <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .



# --- Original credence-weighted belief (operator) --------------------------------
ex:opBeliefOriginal a gmeow:DoxasticState ;
    rdfs:label "original belief: LLM recalled the meeting date correctly"@en ;
    gmeow:epistemicAgent ex:operator ;
    gmeow:doxasticContent ex:propRecall ;
    gmeow:doxasticClaim ex:opClaimOriginal ;
    gmeow:credence "0.85"^^xsd:decimal ;
    gmeow:justifiedBy ex:evidenceSpan1 .

Justification And Defeat

• Source: slices/core/epistemics/examples/justification-and-defeat.ttl
• Examples catalog: open in catalog#example-slices-core-epistemics-examples-justification-and-defeat

@prefix gmeow: <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/> .
@prefix ex:    <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/examples/epistemics/> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix xsd:   <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .



# --- Case 1: justified belief (working clock) --------------------------------
ex:adaJustifiedBelief a gmeow:DoxasticState ;
    rdfs:label "Ada's justified belief that it is noon"@en ;
    gmeow:epistemicAgent ex:ada ;
    gmeow:doxasticContent ex:timeNoon ;
    gmeow:credence "0.95"^^xsd:decimal ;
    gmeow:doxasticClaim ex:adaJustifiedClaim ;
    gmeow:justifiedBy ex:wallClockReading .

# --- Case 2: Gettier-defeated belief (stopped clock) -------------------------
# Same evidential kind as Case 1, but the basis is misleading: the clock is
# stopped and only happens to show the correct time. The solver marks the state
# as a Gettier case; the reasoner never infers this.
ex:adaGettierBelief a gmeow:DoxasticState ;
    rdfs:label "Ada's Gettier-defeated belief that it is noon"@en ;
    gmeow:epistemicAgent ex:ada ;
    gmeow:doxasticContent ex:timeNoon ;
    gmeow:credence "0.95"^^xsd:decimal ;
    gmeow:doxasticClaim ex:adaGettierClaim ;
    gmeow:justifiedBy ex:stoppedClockReading ;
    gmeow:defeatedBy gmeow:justificationStatusGettier .

Common Companion Terms

gmeow:JustificationSubject, gmeow:JustificationGround

External Equivalences

Equivalent or closely aligned targets: crminf

Linkages

Generated from the canonical mapping DSL. SSSOM files are the generated public interchange form for term equivalences.

Term Equivalences

Usage Advice

Use when

• Use to record that a reified gmeow:DoxasticState or gmeow:StandpointClaim has some evidence span, attestation, or supporting doxastic state as a justification basis — the available-evidence / basing structure.

Avoid when

• Avoid reading it as an adequacy verdict or as a reasoner entailment that the belief counts as knowledge; avoid using it on the flat gmeow:believes / gmeow:knowsThat spine (promote to the reified tier first).

How to use

• Point from a gmeow:DoxasticState or gmeow:StandpointClaim at one or more gmeow:EvidenceSpan, gmeow:Attestation, or gmeow:DoxasticState individuals; let the solver decide whether the basis is adequate, and let multiple bases coexist.

Examples

• ex:aliceBelievesRound gmeow:justifiedBy ex:photoEvidence, ex:expertAttestation.