derivation kind

• CURIE: gmeow:derivationKind
• IRI: https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/derivationKind
• Category: property
• Defined by: gmeow:slices/lexicon
• Box roles: RBox role (What is this?)

The kind(s) of etymological derivation claimed — borrowing, calque, semantic shift, sound change, etc. NON-FUNCTIONAL: a single derivation may be classified as both borrowing and reanalysis by different analytical standpoints (Principle 9).

Structure

Property shape: object property; gmeow:EtymologicalDerivation -> gmeow:DerivationKind

Practical Pattern

Use gmeow:derivationKind from gmeow:EtymologicalDerivation to gmeow:DerivationKind when the relationship itself belongs in the native GMEOW graph.

Example Snippets

These snippets are generated from canonical slice examples and trimmed to the Turtle blocks where this term appears.

Word Etymology

• Source: slices/extensions/lexicon/examples/word-etymology.ttl
• Examples catalog: open in catalog#example-slices-extensions-lexicon-examples-word-etymology

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Blackcat Informatics® Inc. <paudley@blackcatinformatics.ca>
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
#
# Worked example: a word, its forms, and its etymology . A gmeow:LexicalItem
# is a lexeme in a language; its written/spoken/signed surface strings are
# separate gmeow:LexicalForms (gmeow:hasLexicalForm), so the same lexeme can carry
# many forms across scripts and registers. A gmeow:EtymologicalDerivation reifies
# WHERE a word came from — source → target with a gmeow:derivationKind
# (inheritance / borrowing / calque / sound-change …) — so "English 'ontology'
# was BORROWED from Greek" is a first-class, typed claim, not a free-text note.
@prefix gmeow: <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/> .
@prefix ex:    <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/examples/lexicon/> .
@prefix rdfs:  <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .

# --- The etymology: a typed derivation (borrowing) from Greek into English.
ex:etymology a gmeow:EtymologicalDerivation ;
    gmeow:derivationSource ex:greekOntos ;
    gmeow:derivationTarget ex:ontology ;
    gmeow:derivationKind   gmeow:derivationBorrowing .

Common Companion Terms

gmeow:EtymologicalDerivation, gmeow:DerivationKind

Usage Advice

Use when

• Use on an EtymologicalDerivation to classify the kind(s) of derivation claimed via a gmeow:DerivationKind value — borrowing, calque, semantic shift, sound change, and so on.

Avoid when

• Avoid minting a per-kind subclass (kinds are values) and avoid forcing a single classification — competing analytical kinds for one derivation coexist, so keep it non-functional.

How to use

• Point gmeow:derivationKind at one or more gmeow:DerivationKind individuals (at least one is required by the someValuesFrom axiom); standpoint-specific kind classifications coexist.

Examples

• ex:etym1 gmeow:derivationKind gmeow:derivationBorrowing.