cites

• CURIE: gmeow:cites
• IRI: https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/cites
• Category: property
• Defined by: gmeow:slices/citations
• Box roles: RBox role (What is this?)

Relates an entity to a creative work it cites — the flat 80%-case shortcut. Non-functional: an entity may cite many works. Promote to a gmeow:CitationAct node when the intent, selector, provenance, or standpoint of the citation must be recorded.

Structure

Property shape: object property; gmeow:Entity -> gmeow:CreativeWork

Practical Pattern

Use gmeow:cites from gmeow:Entity to gmeow:CreativeWork when the relationship itself belongs in the native GMEOW graph.

Example Snippets

These snippets are generated from canonical slice examples and trimmed to the Turtle blocks where this term appears.

Citation Act

• Source: slices/core/citations/examples/citation-act.ttl
• Examples catalog: open in catalog#example-slices-core-citations-examples-citation-act

# SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2026 Blackcat Informatics® Inc. <paudley@blackcatinformatics.ca>
# SPDX-License-Identifier: CC-BY-4.0
#
# Worked example: citation is flat-first, reified on demand ( P4 — the same
# promotion pattern as rights). A bare gmeow:cites edge covers "A references B".
# When the citation's INTENT and exact LOCATION matter, it is promoted to a
# gmeow:CitationAct relator binding gmeow:citingEntity × gmeow:citedEntity ×
# gmeow:citationIntent, pinned to a precise gmeow:Selector (page + verbatim quote)
# via gmeow:viaSelector. gmeow:cites pairsWith gmeow:CitationAct: the flat edge
# and its reification name the same fact at two levels of detail.
@prefix gmeow: <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/> .
@prefix ex:    <https://blackcatinformatics.ca/gmeow/examples/citations/> .

ex:myPaper a gmeow:CreativeWork ;
    gmeow:title "On Coastal Erosion in Temperate Estuaries"@en ;
    gmeow:cites ex:citedPaper .

Common Companion Terms

gmeow:Entity, gmeow:CreativeWork

External Equivalences

Equivalent or closely aligned targets: cito

Linkages

Generated from the canonical mapping DSL. SSSOM files are the generated public interchange form for term equivalences.

Term Equivalences

Usage Advice

Use when

• Use for the flat, direct case where an entity simply cites a creative work and the intent, locus, provenance, and standpoint of the citation need not be first-class.

Avoid when

• Avoid it when a typed intent, pinpoint selector, provenance, or standpoint must be recorded (promote to a gmeow:CitationAct — its pairsWith partner) and avoid using it for non-citation references (use gmeow:references).

How to use

• Assert one gmeow:cites triple per cited work (non-functional); when intent or locus must be borne, promote to a gmeow:CitationAct binding gmeow:citingEntity and gmeow:citedEntity, following the gmeow:pairsWith link.

Examples

• ex:paper gmeow:cites ex:foundationalStudy.

Use For Consumers

• gmeow:consumerPublicSite
• gmeow:consumerSchemaOrgJsonLd
• gmeow:consumerWikidata